【小题1】B
【小题2】A
【小题3】A
【小题4】B
【答案解析】试题分析：科学家发现当水通过特别细小的管道时会产生电流，这是近160年以来发现的第一种新式发电的方法，科学家对此非常兴奋，他们认为这或许是替代风能或太阳能来发电的一种方式，但是在真正应用于实际之前还有很多问题需要解决。
【小题1】B主旨大意题。本文是介绍科学研究类短文，在文章开头提出Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power.，然后在下文进行详细介绍，由此可知文章中心就是介绍用自来水发电的新发现，选B。
【小题2】A词义猜测题。A排斥；B鉴定，认出；C吸引；D反抗，背叛。文章第四段提到leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface repels negatively charged ions in the water，从常识可知异性相吸，同性排斥，所以当管子表面的阴离子遇到阴离子时会发生排斥，由此推测A选项正确。
【小题3】A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it.”可知科学家对此高兴的原因是这是一个多世纪以来第一次发现一种新的发电的方法，故答案选A。
【小题4】B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“You’d need to be sure it wouldn’t leak, and you’d need to make sure it wouldn’t freeze,”可知这种水发电的不利之处就是水会结冰或者漏水，故答案选B。
考点：考查社会科学类短文阅读。
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