能耗尽的。 Sources of renewable energy 可再生能源 Source of renewable energy include the following: 可再生能源如下： Solar Energy - The Sun provides a basic form of energy for all living organisms. Solar energy is free and inexhaustible. Converting sunlight into useful forms for human consumption incurs a cost. Sunlight has been used by humans for drying crops and heating water and buildings for millennia - called passive solar heating. A twentieth-century technology is photovoltaics, which turns sunlight directly into electricity. 太阳能 太阳给所有的生物提供一种基本的能量。太阳能是免费和用之不竭的。将阳光转换为人类消费的形式会产生成本。数千年来阳光被人类用来晒干农作物、加热水和建筑。二十世纪采用的是光电技术，即将阳光直接转换为电。 Wind Power - The movement of air can be harnessed as a form of energy, and has been since ancient times. Today, advanced aerodynamics research has developed wind turbines that can produce electricity on a very economic basis. Wind turbines are often grouped together in farms, located in exposed areas of countryside, either near coasts or on hill tops which experience a regularly prevailing wind throughout the year. 风能 空气的运动可被用来作为能源，从远古时代即是如此。今天，先进的空气动力学研究已研究出风力涡轮机，它可以非常经济地发电。风力涡轮机通常成组地置于农场，位于沿海或山顶的乡村开阔地带，那里全年都有盛行风。 Geothermal Energy - Rocks under the Earth's crust contain naturally decaying radioactive materials like uranium and potassium, producing a continuous supply of heat. The amount of heat within 10,000 meters of the surface contains 50,000 times more energy than all the oil and gas resources in the world. 地热能 在地球硬壳下面的岩石含有像铀、钾等一直在衰减的放射性材料，这些材料持续不断地提供热能。在地球表面10,000米深范围内的热量比世界上所有的油和气源所包含的能量的50,000倍还要多。 Geothermal energy taps into the heat under the Earth's crust to boil water. The hot water is then used to drive electric turbines and heat buildings. The areas with highest underground temperature are in regions with active or geologically young
volcanoes. 地热能传导地壳下面的热量来加热水。热虽被用来驱动电涡轮机和加热建筑。具有最高温度的区域位于活跃的或新形成的火山地区周围。 These "hot spots" occur at the boundaries between tectonic places where the crust is thin enough to let the heat through. Many of these "hot spots" occur around the Pacific Rim. 这些“热点”出现在建筑群的边缘，这些地方地壳较薄，足以让热量穿透。许多“热点”出现在太平洋周围。 Hydroelectric Power - On Earth, water is neither created nor destroyed. Water evaporates from the oceans, forming clouds, falling out as rain and snow, collecting into streams and rivers, and flowing back to the sea. All this movement provides an enormous opportunity to create useful energy. 水力发电 在地球表面，水既不能被创造，也不能被消灭。大海中的水蒸发，形成了云，以雨水和雪的形式降落到地面，流进小溪和江河，最后回归大海。整个运动过程为创造有用的能源提供了巨大的机会。 Hydroelectric power uses the force of moving water to produce electricity. Hydropower is one of the main suppliers of electricity in the world, and the main source of renewable energy, but is most often in the form of large dams which disrupt habitats and displace people. A better approach is to use small scale hydro plants. 水力发电是利用运动中水的力量来发电。水力发电是世界上电的主要来源之一，主要的可再生能源，但它经常是以巨大的拦河坝的形式出现，它破坏了人类的栖息地，产生大量移民。一个较好的办法是建设小规模的水电工厂。 Biomass Energy - Biomass is a term we use to describe plant materials and animal wastes used for energy. Plants form the basis of the food chain, on which all life on earth depends. But in terms of energy production "biomass" refers to using tree and grass crops, and forestry, agricultural, and urban wastes. It is the oldest source of renewable energy known to humans. 生物能 生物是我们用来描述产生能量的植物材料和动物废弃物的术语。植物形成了地球上所有生命赖以生存的食物链的基础。但以生产能量的观点，“生物”指的是利用树、农作物、森林、农业和城市的废弃物。它是人类最早知道的可再生能源。 Biomass is a renewable energy source because the energy it contains comes from the Sun. Through the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plants captures the Sun's energy by converting carbon dioxide from the air and water from the ground into "carbohydrates," complex compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When these carbohydrates are burned, they turn back into carbon dioxide and water, and release the Sun's energy they contain. In this way, biomass functions as a sort of natural store of solar energy. 生物是一种可再生能源，因为它含有来自太阳的能量。通过光合作用，植物
上的叶绿素通过将空气中的二氧化碳和土壤中的水转换成碳水化合物捕捉到了太阳能。当这些碳水化合物燃烧时，它们还原成二氧化碳和水，释放出它们带有的太阳能。这样，生物活动就是一种太阳能的自然存储。 Issues Surrounding Renewable Energy 关于可再生能源的问题 One of the major reasons why the use of renewable energy is still relatively limited is its cost compared to fossil fuel generated power. 可再生能源的利用仍受到限制的主要原因之一是相对于矿物燃料发电成本较高。（热心于使用和安装可再生能源系统的人可得到政府基金。） However, improved technology, in recent years, has made wind power and biomass energy economically more competitive. Although the cost of some solar energy designs still remains fairly high and it is unlikely that countries like the UK, with unreliable sources of sunlight, will invest considerable sums of money into developing this resource within the short term future. 然而近些年来改善的技术以使风能和生物能从生产成本上更具有竞争性。尽管太阳能能源的成本比较合理，像英国这样缺少阳光的国家不可能在短期内投入巨额资金来开发这种能源 Furthermore, renewable energy systems can often be locally intrusive and many people object to large numbers of wind turbines occupying the countryside etc. 此外，可再生能源系统经常造成局部干扰，许多人反对大量的风力涡轮机占用农村土地等等。 Despite these barriers, however, renewable energy over the long term is likely to have a secure future, and will continue to provide an increasing proportion of the world's energy needs whilst concerns about the climatic impacts of fossil fuel power generation remain. 尽管存在这些障碍，自始至终可再生能源有一个美好的未来，并且继续增加其在世界能源需求中的比例，同时继续关注矿物燃料能源对气候的影响。 What Can You Do? 你能做什么
There are currently many options open to home owners regarding the use of renewable energy sources. Various schemes, as detailed below, can be incorporated into most household systems, and can be used in conjunction with traditional heating and electrical systems. 现在有许多家用可再生能源供选择。如下详述，可将各种方案综合在一起组成常见的家用系统，并且可以和传统的加热和电气系统同时使用。各种方案如下： Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) A GSHP system circulates liquid through specially designed coils or loops of pipe buried in the ground. The liquid absorbs heat from the ground, which at the depth of 1.5 metres is a fairly consistent 11-13ºC throughout the year. A heat pump removes the stored energy and transfers it to a system for heating the building and hot water requirement. 地源热力泵 地源热力泵系统通过特殊设计的埋在地下的管路来循环液体。液体吸收地热，地热位于地下1.5米深，一年四季保持11º—13ºC 的恒温。热力泵吸收热能并将其输送到建筑采暖系统和热水供应系统。 These installations are best coupled to an under floor heating system, but can be linked to other options. Whilst not strictly renewable, every unit of electrical energy required to power the pump produces three to four units of energy extracted from the ground. 这些装置最好与建筑内地面加热系统连接，但也可与其他装置连接。同时并不都是可再生能量，驱动热力泵若需一个单位的能量，可从地下吸收四分之三个单位的能量。 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) This involves generating electricity from the sun's energy. It works best in direct sunlight, but is also effective under cloudy conditions. Panels or PV integrated products are best located within 40° of south at an angle of between 15-60°. PV systems can be retrofitted onto existing buildings or incorporated into current and new buildings 太阳光电器 这包括利用太阳能发电。太阳光电器在阳光照射下工作最好，但在阴天照样工作。面板或光电转换器上继承的芯片最好面向正南40°范围内，仰角在15°—60°之间。光电转换器系统可用在老建筑、流行建筑和新建筑上。 Solar water heating (SWH) SWH takes the radiation from the sun, present in all forms of daylight, to heat a combination of water and anti-freeze that passes through a solar collector mounted on the roof (as for PV). This is then pumped to a conventional hot water tank that has an additional heating coil, from which the heat from the sun is passed to the hot water that comes out of the taps. 太阳能热水器 太阳能热水器利用日光中所有的来自太阳的辐射，加热安装在屋顶上阳光采集器中流过的水和防冻液。加热后的水被传送到带有普通加热管的热水箱内，来自太阳的热能被传送到来自水龙头的箱内热水上。
Systems can provide a minimum of 60% of annual hot water needs and are always linked to the conventional heating system for back up. There are over 50,000 systems of this type in the UK and they cost from £1,800 installed, depending on size and type of system selected. 系统每年至少能满足60%的热水需求，并总是和传统的技热系统连接以互相补充。在英国有50,000多个这样的系统，价格取决于所选的容量和类型。 Small Scale Wind Turbines Small wind turbines are sized at a hub height of 25 metres and under. Turbines need to be mounted on a tower of a height that reduces the blocking effect of the buildings, residential properties and trees. They are noiseless, but a planning application will be required. Wind speeds are the vital factor, with wind speeds of 5m/second and above, at a height of 10m being recommended. 小型风力涡轮机 小型风力涡轮机是指塔杆高度在25m及以下的风力涡轮机。涡轮机须安装在塔尖上以减小建筑物、住宅用品和树木对其的阻碍作用。它们没有噪音，但需要提交规划申请。风速至关重要，建议离地高度10米的风速大于等于每秒5米 Biomass heating Woodchips from sustainably managed wood sources are a renewable resource and can be burned in modern, computer controlled boiler plant to provide space and hot water heating in buildings. They work best when there is a consistent heat demand throughout the heating system and a storage area with easy access is required.Boiler plant costs are higher than for fossil fuels, but woodchips are cheaper than gas, oil and coal. 生物加热 来自可持续提供木源的木屑是一种可再生能源，可用作新式、计算机控制的锅炉设备的燃料给建筑空间和居民用水加热。当整个加热系统热需求恒定且与储藏间有便捷通道时，设备工作状态最佳。锅炉设备比用矿物燃料的设备要贵，但木屑比气、油和煤便宜 。 Future of Renewable Energy 可再生能量的未来 Reducing our dependence on fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gas for the production of energy is vitally important,in order to reduce the impacts of global warming and climate change.Without doubt, renewable energy technologies will play a key role in achieving this ,by providing a clean and sustainable source of energy, whose generation will have no negative effects on the environment. 为了降低全球变暖和气候改变的影响，减少我们对诸如煤、油和气这样的矿物燃料的依赖至关重要。为达到这个目的，毫无疑问，要提供清洁、可循环使用且对环境无副作用的能源，可再生能源技术至关重要。
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